中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则(附英文)

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中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则(附英文)

财政部


中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则(附英文)

1993年12月25日,财政部

细则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》(以下简称条例)第二十八条的规定,制定本细则。
第二条 条例第一条所称货物,是指有形动产,包括电力、热力、气体在内。
条例第一条所称加工,是指受托加工货物,即委托方提供原料及主要材料,受托方按照委托方的要求制造货物并收取加工费的业务。
条例第一条所称修理修配,是指受托对损伤和丧失功能的货物进行修复,使其恢复原状和功能的业务。
第三条 条例第一条所称销售货物,是指有偿转让货物的所有权。
条例第一条所称提供加工、修理修配劳务,是指有偿提供加工、修理修配劳务。但单位或个体经营者聘用的员工为本单位或雇主提供加工、修理修配劳务,不包括在内。
本细则所称有偿,包括从购买方取得货币、货物或其他经济利益。
第四条 单位或个体经营者的下列行为,视同销售货物:
(一)将货物交付他人代销;
(二)销售代销货物;
(三)设有两个以上机构并实行统一核算的纳税人,将货物从一个机构移送其他机构用于销售,但相关机构设在同一县(市)的除外;
(四)将自产或委托加工的货物用于非应税项目;
(五)将自产、委托加工或购买的货物作为投资,提供给其他单位或个体经营者;
(六)将自产、委托加工或购买的货物分配给股东或投资者;
(七)将自产、委托加工的货物用于集体福利或个人消费;
(八)将自产、委托加工或购买的货物无偿赠送他人。
第五条 一项销售行为如果既涉及货物又涉及非应税劳务,为混合销售行为。从事货物的生产、批发或零售的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者的混合销售行为,视为销售货物,应当征收增值税;其他单位和个人的混合销售行为,视为销售非应税劳务,不征收增值税。
纳税人的销售行为是否属于混合销售行为,由国家税务总局所属征收机关确定。
本条第一款所称非应税劳务,是指属于应缴营业税的交通运输业、建筑业、金融保险业、邮电通信业、文化体育业、娱乐业、服务业税目征收范围的劳务。
本条第一款所称从事货物的生产、批发或零售的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者,包括以从事货物的生产、批发或零售为主,并兼营非应税劳务的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者在内。
第六条 纳税人兼营非应税劳务的,应分别核算货物或应税劳务和非应税劳务的销售额。不分别核算或者不能准确核算的,其非应税劳务应与货物或应税劳务一并征收增值税。
纳税人兼营的非应税劳务是否应当一并征收增值税,由国家税务总局所属征收机关确定。
第七条 条例第一条所称在中华人民共和国境内(以下简称境内)销售货物,是指所销售的货物的起运地或所在地在境内;
条例第一条所称在境内销售应税劳务,是指所销售的应税劳务发生在境内。
第八条 条例第一条所称单位,是指国有企业、集体企业、私有企业、股份制企业、其他企业和行政单位、事业单位、军事单位、社会团体及其他单位。
条例第一条所称个人,是指个体经营者及其他个人。
第九条 企业租赁或承包给他人经营的,以承租人或承包人为纳税人。
第十条 纳税人销售不同税率货物或应税劳务,并兼营应属一并征收增值税的非应税劳务的,其非应税劳务应从高适用税率。
第十一条 小规模纳税人以外的纳税人(以下简称一般纳税人)因销货退回或折让而退还给购买方的增值税额,应从发生销货退回或折让当期的销项税额中扣减,因进货退出或折让而收回的增值税额,应从发生进货退出或折让当期的进项税额中扣减。
第十二条 条例第六条所称价外费用,是指价外向购买方收取的手续费、补贴、基金、集资费返还利润、奖励费、违约金(延期付款利息)、包装费、包装物租金、储备费、优质费、运输装卸费、代收款项、代垫款项及其他各种性质的价外收费。但下列项目不包括在内:
(一)向购买方收取的销项税额;
(二)受托加工应征消费税的消费品所代收代缴的消费税;
(三)同时符合以下条件的代垫运费:
1.承运部门的运费发票开具给购货方的;
2.纳税人将该项发票转交给购货方的。
凡价外费用,无论其会计制度如何核算,均应并入销售额计算应纳税额。
第十三条 混合销售行为和兼营的非应税劳务,依照本细则第五条、第六条规定应当征收增值税的,其销售额分别为货物与非应税劳务的销售额的合计,货物或者应税劳务与非应税劳务的销售额的合计。
第十四条 一般纳税人销售货物或者应税劳务采用销售额和销项税额合并定价方法的,按下列公式计算销售额:
含税销售额
销售额=-------
1+税率
第十五条 根据条例第六条的规定,纳税人按外汇结算销售额的,其销售额的人民币折合率可以选择销售额发生的当天或当月1日的国家外汇牌价(原则上为中间价)。纳税人应在事先确定采用何种折合率,确定后一年内不得变更。
第十六条 纳税人有条例第七条所称价格明显偏低并无正当理由或者有本细则第四条所列视同销售货物行为而无销售额者,按下列顺序确定销售额:
(一)按纳税人当月同类货物的平均销售价格确定;
(二)按纳税人最近时期同类货物的平均销售价格确定;
(三)按组成计税价格确定。组成计税价格的公式为:
组成计税价格=成本×(1+成本利润率)
属于应征消费税的货物,其组成计税价格中应加计消费税额。
公式中的成本是指:销售自产货物的为实际生产成本,销售外购货物的为实际采购成本。公式中的成本利润率由国家税务总局确定。
第十七条 条例第八条第三款所称买价,包括纳税人购进免税农业产品支付给农业生产者的价款和按规定代收代缴的农业特产税。
前款所称价款,是指经主管税务机关批准使用的收购凭证上注明的价款。
第十八条 混合销售行为和兼营的非应税劳务,依照本细则第五条、第六条的规定应当征收增值税的,该混合销售行为所涉及的非应税劳务和兼营的非应税劳务所用购进货物的进项税额,符合条例第八条规定的,准予从销项税额中抵扣。
第十九条 条例第十条所称固定资产是指:
(一)使用期限超过一年的机器、机械、运输工具以及其他与生产经营有关的设备、工具、器具;
(二)单位价值在2000元以上,并且使用年限超过两年的不属于生产经营主要设备的物品。
第二十条 条例第十条所称非应税项目,是指提供非应税劳务、转让无形资产、销售不动产和固定资产在建工程等。
纳税人新建、改建、扩建、修缮、装饰建筑物,无论会计制度规定如何核算,均属于前款所称固定资产在建工程。
第二十一条 条例第十条所称非正常损失,是指生产经营过程中正常损耗外的损失,包括:
(一)自然灾害损失;
(二)因管理不善造成货物被盗窃、发生霉烂变质等损失;
(三)其他非正常损失。
第二十二条 已抵扣进项税额的购进货物或应税劳务发生条例第十条第(二)至(六)项所列情况的,应将该项购进货物或应税劳务的进项税额从当期发生的进项税额中扣减。无法准确确定该项进项税额的,按当期实际成本计算应扣减的进项税额。
第二十三条 纳税人兼营免税项目或非应税项目(不包括固定资产在建工程)而无法准确划分不得抵扣的进项税额的,按下列公式计算不得抵扣的进项税额。
当月免税项目销售额、
不得抵 当月全 非应税项目营业额合计扣的进=部进项×----------项税额 税 额 当月全部销售额、
营业额合计
第二十四条 条例第十一条所称小规模纳税人的标准规定如下:
(一)从事货物生产或提供应税劳务的纳税人,以及以从事货物生产或提供应税劳务为主,并兼营货物批发或零售的纳税人,年应征增值税销售额(以下简称应税销售额)在100万元以下的;
(二)从事货物批发或零售的纳税人,年应税销售额在180万元以下的。
年应税销售额超过小规模纳税人标准的个人、非企业性单位、不经常发生应税行为的企业,视同小规模纳税人纳税。
第二十五条 小规模纳税人的销售额不包括其应纳税额。
小规模纳税人销售货物或应税劳务采用销售额和应纳税额合并定价方法的,按下列公式计算销售额:
含税销售额
销售额=-------
1+征收率
第二十六条 小规模纳税人因销货退回或折让退还给购买方的销售额,应从发生销货退回或折让当期的销售额中扣减。
第二十七条 条例第十四条所称会计核算健全,是指能按会计制度和税务机关的要求准确核算销项税额、进项税额和应纳税额。
第二十八条 个体经营者符合条例第十四条所定条件的,经国家税务总局直属分局批准,可以认定为一般纳税人。
第二十九条 小规模纳税人一经认定为一般纳税人后,不得再转为小规模纳税人。
第三十条 一般纳税人有下列情形之一者,应按销售额依照增值税税率计算应纳税额,不得抵扣进项税额,也不得使用增值税专用发票。
(一)会计核算不健全,或者不能够提供准确税务资料的;
(二)符合一般纳税人条件,但不申请办理一般纳税人认定手续的。
第三十一条 条例第十六条所列部分免税项目的范围,限定如下:
(一)第一款第(一)项所称农业,是指种植业、养殖业、林业、牧业、水产业。
农业生产者,包括从事农业生产的单位和个人。
农业产品,是指初级农业产品,具体范围由国家税务总局直属分局确定。
(二)第一款第(三)项所称古旧图书,是指向社会收购的古书和旧书。
(三)第一款第(八)项所称物品,是指游艇、摩托车、应征消费税的汽车以外的货物。
自己使用过的物品,是指本细则第八条所称其他个人自己使用过的物品。
第三十二条 条例第十八条所称增值税起征点的适用范围只限于个人。
增值税起征点的幅度规定如下:
(一)销售货物的起征点为月销售额600—2000元。
(二)销售应税劳务的起征点为月销售额200—800元。
(三)按次纳税的起征点为每次(日)销售额50—80元。
前款所称销售额,是指本细则第二十五条第一款所称小规模纳税人的销售额。
国家税务总局直属分局应在规定的幅度内,根据实际情况确定本地区适用的起征点,并报国家税务总局备案。
第三十三条 条例第十九条第(一)项规定的销售货物或者应税劳务的纳税义务发生时间,按销售结算方式的不同,具体为:
(一)采取直接收款方式销售货物,不论货物是否发出,均为收到销售额或取得索取销售额的凭据,并将提货单交给买方的当天;
(二)采取托收承付和委托银行收款方式销售货物,为发出货物并办妥托收手续的当天;
(三)采取赊销和分期收款方式销售货物,为按合同约定的收款日期的当天;
(四)采取预收货款方式销售货物,为货物发出的当天;
(五)委托其他纳税人代销货物,为收到代销单位销售的代销清单的当天;
(六)销售应税劳务,为提供劳务同时收讫销售额或取得索取销售额的凭据的当天;
(七)纳税人发生本细则第四条第(三)项至第(八)项所列视同销售货物行为,为货物移送的当天。
第三十四条 境外的单位或个人在境内销售应税劳务而在境内未设有经营机构的,其应纳税款以代理人为扣缴义务人;没有代理人的,以购买者为扣缴义务人。
第三十五条 非固定业户到外县(市)销售货物或者应税劳务未向销售地主管税务机关申报纳税的,由其机构所在地或者居住地主管税务机关补征税款。
第三十六条 条例第二十条所称税务机关,是指国家税务总局及其所属征收机关。
条例和本细则所称主管税务机关、征收机关,均指国家税务总局所属支局以上税务机关。
第三十七条 本细则所称“以上”、“以下”,均含本数或本级。
第三十八条 本细则由财政部解释,或者由国家税务总局解释。
第三十九条 本细则从条例施行之日起实施。1984年9月28日财政部颁发的《中华人民共和国增值税条例(草案)实施细则》、《中华人民共和国产品税条例(草案)实施细则》同时废止。

DETAILED RULE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONAL REGULATIONOF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON VALUE-ADDED TAX

(Ministry of Finance: 25 December 1993)

Whole Doc.
Article 1
These Detailed Rules are formulated in accordance with the
stipulations of Article 28 of the Republic of China on Value-Added Tax> (hereinafter referred to as "the
Regulations").
Article 2
"Goods" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
tangible moveable goods, including electricity, heat, and gas.
"Processing" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
the business of contracting to process goods, where the contractor
supplies the raw material and major materials and the subcontractor
manufactures the goods in accordance with the requirements of the
contractor and receives a processing fee.
"Repairs and replacement" as mentioned in Article 1 of the
Regulations refers to the business of contracting to carry out repairs of
damaged or malfunctioned goods, so as to restore the goods to their
original conditions and functions.
Article 3
"Sales of goods" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers
to the transfer of the ownership of goods for any consideration.
"Provision of processing, repairs and replacement services" as
mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to the provision of
processing, repairs and replacement services for any consideration.
However the provision of processing, repairs and replacement services by
the staff employed by the units or individual business operators for their
units or employers shall not be included.
"Consideration" as mentioned in these Detailed Rules includes money,
goods or any economic benefit obtained from the purchasers.
Article 4
The following activities of units or individual operators shall be
deemed as sales of goods:
(1) Consignment of goods to others for sale;
(2) Sale of goods under consignment;
(3) Transfer of goods from one establishment to other establishments
for sale by a taxpayer that maintains two or more establishments and
adopts consolidated accounting, unless the relevant establishments are
maintained in the same county (or city);
(4) Application of self-produced or processed goods to produce
non-taxable items;
(5) Provision of self-produced, processed or purchased goods to other
units or individual operators as investments;
(6) Distribution of self-produced, processed or purchased goods to
shareholders or investors;
(7) Use of self-produced or processed goods for collective welfare or
personal consumption;
(8) Giving out self-produced, processed or purchased goods to others
as free gifts.
Article 5
A sales activity that involves goods and non-taxable services shall
be a mixed sales activity. Mixed sales activities of enterprises,
enterprise units or individual business operators engaged in production,
wholesaling or retailing of goods shall be regarded as sales of goods
which shall be subject to VAT. Mixed sales activities of other units or
individuals shall be regarded as sales of non-taxable services which shall
not be subject to VAT.
Whether a taxpayer's sales activity is a mixed sales activity shall
be determined by the tax collecting authorities under the State
Administration of Taxation.
"Non-taxable services" as mentioned in the first paragraph of this
Article refers to the services subject to Business Tax within the scope of
the taxable items of communications and transportation, construction,
finance and insurance, posts and telecommunications, culture and sports,
entertainment, and service industries.
"Enterprises, enterprise units or individual business operators
engaged in production, wholesaling or retailing of goods" as mentioned in
the first paragraph of this Article includes enterprises, enterprise
units, and individual business operators principally engaged in the
production, wholesaling or retailing of goods and also engaged in
non-taxable services.
Article 6
Taxpayers also engaged in non-taxable services shall account
separately for the sales amount of goods and taxable services and
non-taxable services. Without separate accounting or where accurate
accounting cannot be made, the non-taxable services and goods and taxable
services shall together be subject to VAT.
Whether non-taxable services so engaged by the taxpayer shall be
subject to VAT shall be determined by the tax collecting authorities under
the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 7
"Sales of goods within the territory of the People's Republic of
China" (hereinafter referred to as "within the territory") as mentioned in
Article 1 of the Regulations refers to the place of despatch or the
location of the goods sold is within the territory.
"Sales of taxable services in the territory" as mentioned in Article
1 of the Regulations refers to the sales of taxable services that takes
place within the territory.
Article 8
"Units" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
State-owned enterprises, collectively owned enterprises, privately- owned
enterprises, joint-stock enterprises, other enterprises, administrative
units, institutions, military units, social organizations and other units.
"Individuals" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
individual business operators and other individuals.
Article 9
For enterprises which lease or contract to others for management, the
lessees or the sub-contractors shall be the taxpayers.
Article 10
Taxpayers selling goods or taxable services with different tax rates
and also engaged in non-taxable services which shall be subject to VAT,
the highest of the tax rates on goods or taxable services shall apply to
the non taxable services.
Article 11
For taxpayers other than small-scale taxpayers (hereinafter referred
to as "general taxpayers"), the VAT refundable to purchasers due to
returns inward or discount allowed shall be deducted from the output tax
for the period in which the returns inward or discount allowed takes
place. The VAT recovered due to the returns outward or discount received
shall be deducted from the input tax for the period in which the returns
outward or discount received takes place.
Article 12
"Other charges" as mentioned in Article 6 of the Regulations refers
to handling fees, subsidies, funds, fund raising fees, profits sharing,
incentive bonus, damages on breach of contract (interest on deferred
payments), packaging charges, rentals on packaging materials, contingency
charges, quality charges, freight and loading and unloading charges,
commissioned receipts, commissioned payments and charges of any other
nature which is in addition to the price charged to the purchaser. The
following items nevertheless shall not be included:
(1) Output VAT collected from purchasers;
(2) Consumption Tax withheld on processing of consumer goods subject
to Consumption Tax;
(3) Disbursement of freight charges that satisfies both the following
conditions;
1. A freight invoice of transportation department was issued to the
purchaser; and
2. The same invoice is turned over by the taxpayer to the purchaser.
All other charges, regardless of the accounting treatment under the
accounting system adopted, shall be included in the sales amount in
computing the tax payable.
Article 13
Where the taxpayer is engaged in mixed sales activities and the
non-taxable services that are subject to VAT in accordance with Article 5
and Article 6 of these Detailed Rules, his sales amount shall be
respectively the sum the his sales amounts of goods and non-taxable
services, or the sum of the sales amounts of goods or taxable services and
the non-taxable services.
Article 14
For general taxpayers selling goods or taxable services that adopt
the pricing method of combining the sales amount and the output tax, the
sales amount shall be computed according to the following formula:
Sales amount including tax
Sales amount = ----------------------------
1 + tax rate
Article 15
Pursuant to the stipulations of Article 6 of the Regulations, if a
taxpayer settles the sales amount in foreign exchange, the Renminbi
conversion rate for the sales amount to be selected can be the foreign
exchange rate quoted by the State (the average rate in Principle)
prevailing on the date or that on the first day of the month in which the
sales take place. Taxpayers shall determine in advance the conversion
rate to be adopted. Once determined, no change is allowed within 1 year.
Article 16
For taxpayers whose prices are obviously low and without proper
justification as mentioned in Article 7 of the Regulations, or have
activities of selling goods as listed in Article 4 of these Detailed Rules
but without invoiced sales amounts, the sales amount shall be determined
according to the following sequence:
(1) Determined according to the average selling price of the taxpayer
on the same goods in the same month;
(2) Determined according to the average selling price of the taxpayer
on the same goods in the recent period;
(3) Determined according to the composite assessable value. The
formula of the composite assessable value shall be:
Composite assessable Value = Cost X (1 + cost plus margin)
For goods subject to Consumption Tax, the composite assessable value
shall include Consumption Tax payable.
"Cost" in the formula refers to the actual costs of products sold for
sales of self-produced goods; and the actual costs of purchases for sales
of purchased goods. The rate of cost-plus margin in the formula shall be
determined by the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 17
The "Purchase price" as mentioned in Paragraph 3, Article 8 of the
Regulations includes the price paid by taxpayers to agricultural producers
for purchasing tax-exempt agricultural products and the Agricultural
Special Product Tax withheld according to the regulations.
The "price paid" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to
the price specified on the purchasing voucher approved for use by the
competent tax authorities.
Article 18
For mixed sales activities and non-taxable services which are subject
to VAT according to the stipulations of Article 5 and Article 6 of these
Detailed Rules, the input tax on goods purchased for use in the
non-taxable services involved in the mixed sales activities or in the
non-taxable services that satisfies the stipulations of Article 8 of the
Regulations is allowed to be credited from the output tax.
Article 19
"Fixed assets" as mentioned in Article 10 of the Regulations
refers to:
(1) Machinery, mechanical apparatus, means of transport, and other
equipment, tools and apparatus related to production or business
operations with a useful life of more than one year;
(2) Article that are not the main equipment for production or
business operations but with a unit value of more than 2000 yuan and a
useful life of more than two years.
Article 20
"Non-taxable items" as mentioned in Article 10 of the Regulations
refers to the provision of non-taxable services, the transfer of
intangible assets, the sales of immovable properties and fixed assets
under construction, etc.
The construction, re-construction, expansion, repairing and
decoration of buildings by the taxpayer, regardless of the accounting
treatment under the accounting system adopted, shall be included in the
"fixed assets under construction" as mentioned in the proceeding
paragraph.
Article 21
"Abnormal losses" as mentioned in Article 10 of the Regulations
refers to losses other than the normal wear and tear in the course of
production or business operations. They include:
(1) Losses due to natural disasters;
(2) Losses due to theft, spoilage or deterioration, etc., resulting
from improper management;
(3) Other abnormal losses.
Article 22
Where input tax has already been claimed on goods purchased or
taxable services under the circumstances listed in Paragraphs (2) to (6)
in Article 10 of the Regulations, the input tax of these goods purchased
or taxable services shall be deducted from the input tax of that period.
If that input tax cannot be determined accurately, the input tax to be
deducted shall be computed based on the actual costs of that period.
Article 23
For taxpayers engaged in tax-exempt items or non-taxable items (not
including fixed assets under construction) and where the input tax cannot
be determined accurately, the non-creditable input tax shall be computed
according to the following formula:
Sum of the sales amounts of
tax-exempt items and
turnover of non-taxable
Non-creditable Total input tax items of the month
= x --------------------
in put tax of the month Sum of the total sales
amount and turnover of
the month
Article 24
The standards for small-scale taxpayers as mentioned in Article 11 of
the Regulations are as follows:
(1) Taxpayers engaged in the production of goods or the provision of
taxable services, and taxpayers engaged principally in the production of
goods or provision of taxable services but also in wholesaling or
retailing of goods, the annual sales amount of which subject to VAT
(hereinafter referred to as "taxable sales amount") is below 1 million
yuan;
(2) Taxpayers engaged in wholesaling or retailing of goods, the
annual taxable sales amount of which is below 1.8 million yuan.
Regardless whether the annual taxable sales amounts exceed the
standards for small-scale taxpayers, individuals, non-enterprise units,
and enterprises which do not often have taxable activities, are chargeable
as small-scale taxpayers.
Article 25
The sales amount of small-scale taxpayers does not include the tax
payable.
For small-scale taxpayers selling goods or providing taxable services
that adopt the method of setting prices by combining the sales amount and
the tax payable, the sales amount is computed according to the following
formula:
Sales amount including tax
Sales amount = ----------------------------
1 + Assessable rate
Article 26
For small-scale taxpayers, the sales amount refunded to the
purchasers due to returns inward or discount allowed shall be deducted
from the sales amount for the period in which the returns inward or
discount allowed occurs.
Article 27
"Sound accounting" as stated in Article 14 of the Regulations refers
to the capability of accurately accounting for the output tax, input tax
and tax payable in accordance with the accounting regulations and the
requirements of the tax authorities.
Article 28
Individual operators that satisfy the conditions as prescribed in
Article 14 of the Regulations and after the approval of the bureaux
directly under the State Administration of Taxation can be confirmed as
general taxpayers.
Article 29
Once the small-scale taxpayers have been confirmed as general
taxpayers, they cannot be reclassified as small-scale taxpayers.
Article 30
General taxpayers in any of the following circumstances shall compute
the tax payable based on the sales amount and according to the VAT rates,
but no input tax can be credited and special VAT invoices shall not be
used:
(1) The accounting system is unsound or cannot provide accurate tax
information;
(2) The conditions of general taxpayers are satisfied but the
taxpayer has not applied or processed the confirmation procedures as
general taxpayers.
Article 31
The scope of part of the tax-exempt items listed in Article 16 of the
Regulations are prescribed as follows:
(1) "Agricultural" as mentioned in Item (1) of Paragraph (1) refers
to planting, breeding, forestry, animal husbandry and aquatic products
industry.
"Agricultural producers" includes units and individuals engaged in
agricultural production.
"Agricultural products" refers to primary agricultural products. The
detailed scope of this definition shall be determined by the taxation
bureaux directly under the State Administration of Taxation.
(2) "Antique books" as mentioned in Item (3) of Paragraph (1) refers
to the ancient books and old books purchased from the public.
(3) "Articles" as mentioned in Item (8) of Paragraph (1) refers to
goods other than yachts, motorcycles, and motor vehicles that are subject
to Consumption Tax.
"Articles which have been used" refers to goods that have been used
by "other individuals" as mentioned in Article 8 of these Detailed Rules.
Article 32
The scope of application of "VAT minimum threshold" as mentioned in
Article 18 of the Regulations is limited to individuals.
The range of the VAT minimum threshold are stipulated as
follows:
(1) The minimum threshold for sales of goods shall be monthly sales
amount of 600 to 2000 yuan.
(2) The minimum threshold for sales of taxable services shall be
monthly sales amount of 200 to 800 yuan.
(3) The minimum threshold for assessment on a transaction-by-
transaction basis shall be sales amount per transaction (or per day) of 50
to 80 yuan.
"Sales amount" as mentioned in the preceding paragraph refers to the
"sales amount of small-scale taxpayers" as mentioned in the first
paragraph of Article 25 of these Detailed Rules.
The bureaux directly under the State Administration of Taxation shall
determine the minimum threshold locally applicable within the prescribed
range and in accordance with the actual conditions and shall report these
amounts to the State Administration of Taxation for their records.
Article 33
The timing at which the tax liability arises on the sales of goods or
taxable services as prescribed in Item (1), Article 19 of the Regulations
is specified according to the different methods of settlement as follows:
(1) For sales of goods under the direct payment method, it shall be
the date on which the sales sum is received or the documented evidence of
the right to collect the sales sum is obtained, and the bills of lading
are delivered to purchasers, regardless whether the goods are delivered;
(2) For sales of goods where the sales amount is entrusted for
collection, including where entrusted to banks for collection, it shall be
the date on which the goods are delivered and the procedures for entrusted
collection are completed;
(3) For sales of goods on credit or receipt by installments, it shall
be the date of collection agreed according to the contracts;
(4) For sales of goods with payment received in advance, it shall be
the date on which the goods are delivered;
(5) For sales of goods on a consignment to other taxpayers, it shall
be the date on which the detailed account of consignment sales are
received from the consignee;
(6) For sales of taxable services, it shall be the date on which the
services are provided and the sales sum is received or the documented
evidence of the right to collect the sales sum is obtained;
(7) For taxpayers that have the activities that are considered as
sales of goods as listed from Item (3) to Item (8) in Article 4 of these
Detailed Rules, it shall be the date on which the goods are transferred.
Article 34
For overseas units or individuals selling taxable services within the
territory but have not set up any business establishment within the
territory, the agents shall be the withholding agents for their tax
payable. If there are no agents, the purchaser shall be the withholding
agent.
Article 35
For business without a fixed base selling goods or taxable services
in a different county (or city) and have not reported and paid tax with
the competent tax authorities where the sales take place, the competent
tax authorities of the location where the establishments are located or
where the individual resides shall collect the overdue tax.
Article 36
"Tax authorities" as mentioned in Article 20 of the Regulations is
the State Administration of Taxation, and the collecting authorities
thereunder.
"The competent tax authorities" and "the collecting authorities" as
mentioned in the Regulations and these Detailed Rules refer to branches
offices under the State Administration of Taxation at county level and
above.
Article 37
"Above" and "Below" as mentioned in these Detailed Rules also include
the figure or the level itself.
Article 38
These Detailed Rules shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Finance
or by the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 39
These Detailed rules shall be implemented on the date the Regulations
come into effect. The Implementation of the Draft Regulations of the People's Republic of China
on Value-Added Tax> and the

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  职工民主管理应当是国有企业贯彻始终的管理制度

  廖义全 张喜亮

  改革开放三十多年,国有企业管理发生了巨大变化;但是,其内部管理制度亦存在着诸多问题。今年是国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划开局之年,适应新的形势要求,进一步改进国有企业管理制度,这是一个不可回避的课题。历史证明:职工参加管理是国有企业健康发展的一个基本经验,必须贯彻始终。
  一、职工民主管理是国有企业管理制度的基本原则
  1921年中国共产党的成立伊始就强调指出组建无产阶级自己的组织,领导工人运动,争取工人参加企业的管理和参加国家管理的权利。共产党制定的《劳动立法大纲》等文件中对此都有明确的规定和要求。中华苏维埃共和国中的国有企业实行(党组织书记、厂长和工会主席)“三人团”管理体制,强调保障职工参加企业管理的权利,设立企业管理委员会等等,《中华苏维埃共和国劳动法》到此都作出了规定。征战到了陕北根据地以后,改革国有企业“三人团”管理体制,设立职工大会制度等确保职工参加企业管理的权利。新中国成立以后直到文革前,我们学习过苏联的“一长制”、实行过“厂长负责制”等形式的国有管理制度,但是,无论怎么变化,职工参加企业管理制度都是提到首位且一直坚持的,这个期间完善了职工参加企业管理的制度创立了“职工代表大会”制度。我们中国自己创造的“两参一改三结合”的企业管理制度,被毛泽东概括为“鞍钢宪法”,在日本的一些企业中至今还被奉为先进的管理方式。改革开放以来,国有企业经历了承包制、转换经营机制下放企业自主权、建立和完善现代企业制度实行法人治理结构等等,但是,无论怎样改革,职工代表大会制度都被列为中国特色的社会主义国有企业管理的一项基本制度,是职工参加企业管理的权力机构,是职工民主管理的基本形式。
  回顾国有企业管理制度发展的历史,不难得出这样的结论:职工参加企业管理是国有企业管理制度的基本原则。从历史中我们看到,企业管理制度随着社会的发展和环境的变化以及经济发展的需要,都是在不断变化的或者说不断改革的,唯有职工参加企业管理这个原则没有变化,国有企业管理制度形式上无论怎样改革,职工参加管理这个原则总是被强化和突出强调出来,以至于通过立法予以保障。实行职工参加企业管理的制度是中国特色社会主义国企发展道路中的重要的内容之一,也是国有企业健康发展的重要保障,这被历史证明是正确的,不能动摇。
  二、国资委初步实现了企业职工民主的三级制度设计
  党中央国务院高度重视国有企业职工参加管理的制度,在总结国有企业扭亏增盈经验的基础上,2005年6月《中共中央办公厅 国务院办公厅关于在国有企业、集体企业及其控股企业深入实行厂务公开制度的通知》,重申和强调指出完善职工参加企业管理的制度,充实了职工参加企业管理的具体内容。按照国务院的战略部署,国务院成立了国有资产监督管理委员会。国资委在完善中央企业管理制度的过程中,始终坚持职工参加企业管理的原则,依照国家法律法规的规定不断地完善职工民主管理制度,与时俱进充实了职工参加企业管理权利的内容。
  国资委成立以来,制定了关于职工参加企业管理的一系列文件,如:《国有独资公司公司董事会试点企业职工董事管理办法(试行)》,《建立和完善中央企业职工代表大会制度的指企业导意见》,《董事会试点中央企业职工董事履行职责管理办法》等等。为了保障这些文件的贯彻落实,国资委还组织了一系列的调查研究、座谈讨论和督查落实等活动,有力地推动了中央企业职工民主管理制度的完善。
  职工董事制度与董事会试点的中央企业法人治理结构建设相适应,落实了公司法规定的职工代表进入董事会的规定,进一步保障了职工参加企业重大事项决策的权利。这是我国企业管理制度改革中的一项创举。在确立职工董事制度以后,国资委相关部门进行大量的调查,根据实践中存在的问题,国资委又制定了职工董事履行职责管理办法。职工董事履行职责管理办法明确规定了职工董事与其他董事具有平等权利的同时,还应当履行反映职工诉求的特别职责,规定了职工董事履行职责的程序、保障条件以及考核等具体内容。国资委贯彻党的依靠方针、以法律为依据、总结国有企业管理制度改革的功经验,及时地研究制定了“中央企业职代会指导意见”。这个指导意见明确规定了职工代表产生的方法和比例要求、职代会的职权范围、职工代表的工作程序和保障以及职工代表的考核等等,所有这些都完善了职代会的制度,较之过去的一些规定如国务院在上世纪80年代制定的“职代会条例”等,丰富了职代会职权的内容,更具有规范性和操作性。近两年国资委又颁布了“企业班组建设的指导意见”,“四个一流职工队伍建设指导意见”等等。
  国务院国资委的这些文件对整个国有企业都有指导意义,各地方国资委也制定了一系列关于职工参加企业管理的规范性文件。由此,包括中央企业在内的国有企业,在制度设计建立起来了与重大事项决策、企业自身管理和基层管理三个层级相配套的职工董事、职代会和班组建设构架起来的职工参加企业管理的制度,完善了与现代国有企业管理制度相适应的职工民主管理制度。
  三、国有企业职工参加管理存在的问题与建议
  调查中我们发现职工民主管理确实促进了国有企业发展,但是,由于种种原因,目前还存在着一些问题。
  (一)正确的认识是做好职工民主管理工作前提
  目前来看,理论界、舆论界以及一些企业的管理人士,对职工民主管理的意义、作用认识不到位,甚至还有错误的宣传,有的机构及其领导讲话中也存在着似是而非的观点,严重地影响了职工民主管理制度建设。
  有观点认为按照市场经济的原则,企业是投资人的企业,职工是企业雇佣的劳动者,所以,职工参加决策和管理是没有理据的。企业作为市场经济的主体,具有独立的权利能力和行为能力,这是法律所明确规定的,何来企业是投资人的企业呢?投资人、经理人和职工同是企业的平等主体,三者共同构成了企业这个经济组织,职工当然具有平等参加企业决策和管理的权利。还有观点认为,职工素质太低、不懂经营,根本就没有能力参加管理。职工是企业生产经营的直接参与者,是企业管理决策的执行者,他们比那些所谓领导更懂得生产的技术、工艺和市场,职工是其劳动力的拥有者,如果没有职工参加管理何以提高生产效率呢?还有观点认为,职工参加管理是计划经济政治挂帅的产物,不适应市场经济的要求了。日本是市场经济制度,也是一样学习借鉴并实践了我国首创的“两参一改三结合”的管理理念。德国是市场经济制度,他们一个世纪前就制定了劳资共决法,美国是自由市场经济,同样设立了职工董事制度。我们国家的职工民主管理确实与我们的政治制度有关,这只能说明而且历史也证明,我们的政治理念的先进性。还有一种观点,强调职工民主管理就是维护职工的权益,把职工民主管理的职工董事制度、职工代表大会制度等等,都作为职工维权的机制、载体和手段。这种观点显然也有失偏颇。应当说,这些职工民主管理制度主观上为了实现企业管理的科学决策,客观上起到了维护职工合法权益的作用,极大地提高了企业的劳动生产率,最终是促进企业的健康发展。
  职工民主管理的理论确实还需要很好地研究,透彻的理论才能说服人,才能使职工民主管理制度发挥其应有的功效。
  (二)破除“精英理念”才能充分发挥职工民主管理的作用
  精英理理念是与群众理念相对应的,也被称为能人理论。就是说完成一项任务的关键因素是能人精英而不是群众。具体到企业管理,是能人管理而不是职工管理。这样的观点潜意识中就支配着企业经营管理者的行动,往往忽略了职工的感受和作用。通钢重组改制引发群体事件,致使强派的经理无辜死亡和职工群众遭受无理伤害,从根本上说,就是决策者自以为是的“精英理论”支配的恶果。他们第一认为职工无权,第二认为职工无能,第三认为自己正确。他们的这种逻辑致使职工民主管理大打折扣,难免酿成劳资矛盾。
  职工民主管理的作用在经济危机和企业困难的时期显得更加重要,群策群力集中智慧,职工与企业共度难关,企业方可健康发展。经营不善致使企业频临倒闭,公司经理人携款出逃企业群龙无首,职工民主选举产生管理委员会,不设置任何个人权威,运行一年的结果是:杜绝了职务消费等贪污腐败现象,企业利润大幅度提高,包括职能部门人员在内的全体职工的凝聚力得到了极大的增强,不仅增加了个人收入,还扩招了一批新员工。这样的案例近年来不乏报端。虽然,这些是极其特殊的个案,但是,从一定意义上说并非“精英”才能把企业经营好,没有领导干部的个人“权威”,职工自主管理也不一定不能把企业经营得更好。
  相信群众依靠群众办企业是中国共产党一贯的方针。职工民主管理的文化意识是在日常的工作中培育起来的,精英只有与群众相结合方能大有作为,国有企业健康发展必须破除“精英理论”,坚定不移地实施职工民主管理制度。
  (三)做好基础性工作职工民主管理才能有实效
  职工民主管理的作用难以得到充分发挥的原因是多方面的,有理念的问题、有管理者的素质问题,也有职工的意识问题。职工民主管理的基础工作很重要。所谓基础工作包括文化建设、素质培养和制度建设等等。
  营造企业民主的文化氛围,无论企业的管理者还是职工,都应当自觉地养成民主的习惯,不断地提高民主意识。管理者提高民主意识表现为尊重职工参加企业管理的权利,具有集中群众智慧的能力;职工提高民主意识表现为知道自己的民主权利和自觉地依法行使自己的权利。一些企业的职工不知道也不愿意行使民主权利,一切行动只知道要听指挥;有的企业管理者不是不愿意尊重职工的民主权利,而是根本就不知道职工还有权利,企业有困难只知道自己抗。完善职工民主管理制度的建设,无论是管理者还是职工,其心理都没有那么的累了。管理者发展企业的大计应当在职工得以完善,职工的智慧应当在企业决策中得以体现,现代企业应当是投资人、管理者和职工实现价值的平台。完善职工民主管理制度必须扎实地做好基础性工作,比如依照有关规定认真选举职工代表,使那些真正有参与意识和责任感的一线职工代表进入董事会、监事会和职代会中,而不是操纵职工代表的选举;落实职工代表的权利,保障职工代表充分发表意见;建立职工代表日常工作制度,使民主管理渗透在企业的各个环节等等。
  工会应当成为职工民主管理的参与者即依照工会法的规定参加涉及职工切身利益问题决策的企业管理会议,成为职工民主管理的发动者即教育职工积极参加民主管理,成为职工民主管理制度的守护神即推动企业完善职工民主管理制度维护职工民主管理的权利,成为职工民主管理的宣传者即用正确的观点总结成功经验大力宣传典型案例。职工民主管理是企业管理的组成部分,也是职工的民主权利,工会及工会干部越俎代庖自以为是地包揽职工民主权利的作法也是不适当的,甚至是违法的。

曲靖市残疾人就业保障金征收使用管理暂行办法

云南省曲靖市人民政府


曲靖市残疾人就业保障金征收使用管理暂行办法



为认真贯彻实施《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》,规范残疾人就业保障金的征收、使用和管理,根据《云南省按比例安排残疾人就业规定》、《云南省残疾人就业保障金征收使用管理办法》、《曲靖市按比例安排残疾人就业规定》等有关文件,结合曲靖实际,制定本暂行办法。

第一条 残疾人就业保障金(以下简称保障金)是指凡安排残疾人就业达不到省政府规定比例1 .5%的机关、团体、企事业组织、城乡经济组织、私营企业(以下简称用人单位),按照年度差额人数和上年度本地区统计部门公布的职工年平均工资计算缴纳用于残疾人就业的政府性专项资金。

第二条 保障金的征收范围和征收标准

(一)我市行政区域内的用人单位,应当按照规定,积极创造条件,安排残疾人就业,逐步达到规定的安排比例。残疾人在职职工的比例不得低于本单位在职职工总数的1.5%。对安排残疾人就业未达到规定比例的用人单位,必须按本办法的规定缴纳保障金。

(二)县(市)区残疾人劳动就业服务机构在每年第二季度末前,按照用人单位应安排残疾人与实际安排残疾人的差额人数和所在县(市)区统计部门公布的上年度职工年平均工资计算应缴纳的保障金。

计算公式为:

年度应缴纳保障金=[(上年度在职职工人数×1.5%)-上年度实际安排残疾人人数]×上年度在职职工人均年平均工资

第三条 保障金的征收
  (一)委托地方税务部门代征。对纳入代征范围的保障金,经同级人民政府或政府授权财政部门批准,由地方税务部门按职能单位要求,代理征收各行政区域内凡安排残疾人就业达不到规定比例的用人单位的应缴纳的保障金。驻麒麟区的中央、省、市属单位,由曲靖市残疾人就业服务中心核定应缴保障金数额,委托市地方税务局直属分局代收;其余单位按属地原则由县(市)区残疾人就业服务机构核定,委托县(市)区地方税务局代收。

(二)用人单位于每年6月31日前向市、县(市)区残疾人劳动就业服务机构报送年度《云南省按比例安排残疾人就业单位情况表》、《云南省在职残疾人登记表》、《云南省在职残疾人名册表》和在职残疾职工本人的《中华人民共和国残疾人证》原件,作为核定单位应缴保障金的依据。单位逾期不上报有关表册的,视为未安排残疾人就业,机关、团体、事业单位以编制部门提供的数据为依据核定应缴保障金;企业、城乡集体经济组织、私营企业由市、县(市)区地税局结合单位所得税汇算情况或有关部门提供的数据作为依据,核定单位在职职工总数。

(三)征收缴纳程序:各级地税机关依据市、县(市)区残疾人劳动就业服务机构提供的征收清册,对安排残疾人就业未达到规定比例的用人单位,开具“残疾人就业保障金缴款通知书”,在规定的时间内进行征收,任何单位不得拒交。税务机构代收的保障金办理收入缴库时,由代征单位按同级财政部门要求填制《云南省财政收入缴款书》,同存款利息一同集中汇交同级财政部门基金预算管理。

(四)征收时间。残疾人就业保障金的征收时间定为每年的9月1日至10月31日。

(五)票证管理。保障金征收暂使用省财政厅统一印制的《云南省行政事业性收费通用收款收据》,对票证的领发、保管、填用、核算及检查等各个环节,按相关规定进行严格的管理。

(六)特困企业或确因特殊原因需减免保障金的,由用人单位提出申请,经残疾人劳动就业服务机构审查提出意见后报县(市)区财政部门和残疾人联合会审批后,可给予当年减免的照顾。未经批准,逾期不交者,对逾期不交部分按日加收5‰的滞纳金。

(七)机关、团体、事业单位缴纳保障金从单位预算经费包干结余和收支结余中列支;企业、城乡经济组织缴纳保障金从管理费中列支。

第四条 保障金的使用及管理

(一)保障金及其利息、滞纳金等收入必须纳入财政基金预算,按“政府性基金”实行“收支两条线”管理,专款专用,任何部门、单位或个人不得平调、挤占或挪作它用。使用时,由同级残疾人劳动就业服务机构拟定保障金使用计划,经同级残疾人联合会审核后报同级财政部门审批后拨款,专项用于下列开支:

1.补贴残疾人职业培训;

2.奖励超比例安置残疾人就业的单位及为安排残疾人就业做出显著成绩的单位;

3.以贴息方式扶持残疾人集体从业、个体经营;

4.经同级财政部门批准,直接用于残疾人就业工作的其他开支。

(二)各县(市)区残疾人劳动就业服务机构应建立健全财务管理制度,配备专人负责保障金的收支管理及编制预决算工作,并按规定向财政部门和残疾人联合会报送有关报表。经财政部门和残疾人联合会批准的年度预决算,同时报送同级残疾人工作协调委员会和上一级残疾人联合会备案。保障金年终结余结转下年度安排使用。尚未成立残疾人劳动就业服务机构的,暂由残疾人联合会负责实施。

第五条 由于各级地税机关必须在规定的时间,按一定的标准保证保障金的及时足额入库,在征收工作中需要有专门的业务经费用于有关的宣传、培训、各种票据报表的印制等各项业务支出,市、县(市)区财政局根据地税机构本年实际征收入库的保障金按5%的比例从保障金中安排拨付给地税机构专项业务经费,确保保障金征收的顺利进行。

第六条 各级财政部门和残疾人联合会要加强对保障金的管理,定期或不定期对保障金的收取、使用和管理情况进行检查,并接受审计部门的监督,对违反规定的,要按有关规定进行处罚;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究有关人员的法律责任。

第七条 本暂行办法与《曲靖市按比例安排残疾人就业规定》一并执行,凡与本暂行办法不符的其他相关规定,与本暂行办法为准。

第八条 本暂行办法由曲靖市人民政府残疾人工作协调委员会负责解释。

第九条 本暂行办法自2004年6月1日起执行,《曲靖市残疾人就业保障金征收使用管理实施办法》(曲政办发[2000]93文)同时废止。